Introduction
In the lifecycle of oil and gas activities, it is common place to develop oil and gas infrastructure to aid the commercial development of oil and gas. Oil and gas infrastructure refers to the installations, building facilities, equipment and other structures required by energy companies to run their operations. Upstream oil and gas companies need these infrastructures to explore and extract energy resources. Midstream companies require the necessary infrastructure to refine and process mineral fuels, while downstream companies use these infrastructures to deliver and sell the oil and gas to retail organisations. Some of these infrastructures are of a permanent nature, such as the rigs and jack-up facilities. In the United Kingdom (UK) for instance, it was estimated that there are about one hundred and twelve (112) active platforms and fourteen thousand, eight hundred and one kilometers (14,801 KM) of pipelines in 2017.
Dr. Ngozi Chinwa Ole, Mr. Izuchukwu Gideon Okpara
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